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KMID : 1161420130160111013
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Journal of Medicinal Food
2013 Volume.16 No. 11 p.1013 ~ p.1021
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The In Vitro Genotoxic Effect of Tucuma (Astrocaryum aculeatum), an Amazonian Fruit Rich in Carotenoids
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de Souza Filho Olmiro Cezimbra
Sagrillo Michele Rorato
Garcia Luiz Filipe Machado
Machado Alencar Kolinski
Cadona Francine Carla
Ribeiro Euler Esteves
Duarte Marta Maria Medeiros Frescura
Morel Ademir Farias
da Cruz Ivana Beatrice Manica
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Abstract
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Tucuma (Astrocaryum aculeatum) is an Amazonian fruit that presents high levels of carotenoids and other bioactive compounds such as quercetin. The extracts of tucuma peel and pulp present strong antioxidant activity which illustrate an elevated concentration that causes cytotoxic effects in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This study performed additional investigations to analyze the potential genotoxic effects of the tucuma extracts on PBMCs. The genotoxicity was evaluated by DNA fragmentation, Comet assay, and chromosomal instability G-band assays. The acute tucuma extract treatment showed genoprotective effects against DNA denaturation when compared with untreated PBMC cells. However, in the experiments with 24 and 72?h treatments to tucuma treatments, we observed low genotoxicity through a concentration of 100 μg/mL, some genotoxic effects related to intermediary concentrations (100?500 μg/mL), and more pronounced genotoxic effects on higher tucuma extract concentrations. After 24?h of treatment, the reactive oxygen species were similar among treatments and PBMC control groups. However, the caspase-1 activity related to the apoptosis and pyroptosis process increased significantly in higher tucuma concentrations. In summary, tucuma extracts, despite their higher antioxidant content and antioxidant activity, would present PBMCs genotoxic effects that are dependent on concentration and time exposition. These results need to be considered in future in vitro and in vivo studies of tucuma effects.
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KEYWORD
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Astrocaryum aculeatum, DNA damage, genotoxicity, PBMCs, tucuma
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